Fellow Erica Downs examines the history of China’s small, independent "teapot" refining sector, which has had a significant impact on oil markets since Beijing’s decision in 2015 to allow these refineries to import crude oil through a system of import quotas and licenses. The unique study, which draws on both external and local sources, including Chinese-language media reports, explores the teapots' transformation over the past three years, their impact on domestic and international energy markets, and the outlook for their future.

Senior Research Scholar Antoine Halff explores the outlook for marine bunkers and the impact of new environmental restrictions to come into effect January 2020 that aim to reduce sulfur oxide (SOx) emissions from ships.

A working paper jointly published by the Center on Global Energy Policy, the Belfer Center at the Harvard Kennedy School and the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs explores geopolitical issues that could accompany the widespread deployment of renewable energy technologies.

Jonathan Brewer and Richard Nephew identify key issues and obstacles faced by United Nations sanctions committees, panel members, and member states, and offer recommendations for how to solve some of these challenges, in light of the importance of sanctions as part of the UNSC policy-making process.